ISLAMABAD: Indian defence firms have exported significant quantities of munition components and explosive materials to Israel between 2023 and 2025, according to multiple investigative reports analysing Israeli customs data and shipping records.

A recent compilation of Israeli import records shows India accounting for approximately 26 percent of military-related consignments to Israel in value terms during the period, second only to the United States.

The supplies reportedly include rocket engines, explosive charges, propellants, booster pellets, and other munition parts used in weapons systems. Documents examined by international outlets detail specific shipments, such as one vessel carrying 20 tonnes of rocket engines, 12.5 tonnes of rockets with explosive charges, and over 2,200 kg of additional explosive substances and propellants from Indian ports.

**Official and Industry Context** Indian government officials have not issued detailed public statements on individual commercial exports. However, New Delhi maintains strong defence ties with Israel, describing the relationship as strategic and focused on mutual security interests.

Companies including Premier Explosives Limited and joint ventures such as Adani-Elbit Advanced Systems India have been linked to these supplies. The latter facility in Hyderabad has produced drones and related systems, with some units reportedly redirected or supplied to Israeli forces.

State-owned entities like Munitions India Limited have also featured in broader defence production discussions involving components for international partners.

**Key Figures and Trade Data** Between October 2023 and October 2025, Israeli customs records reportedly captured over 2,600 consignments of arms, ammunition, and related materials worth around $886 million. India’s share stood at 26 percent by value, with a notable portion arriving after the International Court of Justice issued provisional measures in January 2024.

Earlier trade statistics indicate India exported arms and ammunition parts worth $56.54 million to Israel in 2024 alone, including bombs, grenades, and related components.

This flow occurs against the backdrop of robust two-way defence cooperation. Israel remains one of India’s key arms suppliers, accounting for around 13 percent of Indian defence imports between 2020 and 2024, behind Russia and France. Over the past decade, India has imported military hardware worth nearly $2.9 billion from Israel, including drones, radars, and missile systems.

Conversely, India has become Israel’s largest single customer for defence exports, taking up to 37 percent of Israeli arms sales in recent years according to SIPRI data.

**Background on Bilateral Ties** Defence cooperation between India and Israel strengthened significantly after the establishment of full diplomatic relations in 1992. Ties deepened under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, with joint ventures in drones, missiles, and surveillance technology.

The relationship gained further momentum following the 2019 Balakot incident and ongoing border security requirements. Israeli systems such as Heron drones and Barak-8 missiles have been integrated into Indian forces.

During the Gaza conflict that escalated in October 2023, reports indicate continued commercial activity in defence components despite India’s diplomatic calls for ceasefire and humanitarian access in Gaza.

**Reactions and Regional Implications** The revelations have drawn criticism from Palestinian advocacy groups and some international observers who question the consistency of arms transfers during active hostilities. Human rights organisations have raised concerns about potential use of such components in densely populated areas.

Indian officials have emphasised that exports follow standard commercial and regulatory frameworks. Pakistan has previously highlighted such developments in regional forums, viewing deepening India-Israel defence links with concern given longstanding bilateral tensions.

Market analysts note that Indian defence exports overall have grown substantially, reaching record levels in recent fiscal years, driven by government push for self-reliance and global partnerships.

**Strategic Analysis** The emergence of India as a notable supplier of components to Israel underscores shifting global defence supply chains. While traditional Western suppliers faced domestic scrutiny and occasional restrictions, alternative sources have filled gaps.

For India, the trade supports its goal of boosting defence manufacturing and exports, which crossed significant milestones in recent years. However, it also places New Delhi in a complex diplomatic position as it balances relations with Israel, Arab states, and its traditional support for Palestinian statehood.

Observers suggest this pattern may continue as both countries deepen joint production capabilities. Future developments could include expanded co-development projects, though these will likely face increased international attention amid ongoing Middle East tensions.

The situation highlights broader questions about arms trade accountability during conflicts and the role of emerging suppliers in regional security dynamics. Regional stakeholders, including Pakistan, continue to monitor these partnerships closely for their potential impact on South Asian and Middle Eastern strategic balances.