WASHINGTON – NASA on Sunday launched a $1.5 billion spacecraft toward theSun on a historic mission to protect the Earth by unveiling the mysteriesof dangerous solar storms.
“Three, two, one, and liftoff!” said a NASA commentator as the Parker SolarProbe lit up the dark night sky aboard a Delta IV-Heavy rocket from CapeCanaveral, Florida at 3:31 am (0731 GMT).
The unmanned spacecraft aims to get closer than any human-made object inhistory to the center of our solar system.
The probe is designed to plunge into the Sun’s atmosphere, known as thecorona, during a seven-year mission.
It is protected by an ultra-powerful heat shield that can endureunprecedented levels of heat, and radiation 500 times that experienced onEarth.
*Strange veil*
NASA has billed the mission as the first spacecraft to “touch the Sun.”
In reality, it should come within 3.83 million miles (6.16 millionkilometers) of the Sun’s surface, close enough to study the curiousphenomenon of the solar wind and the Sun’s atmosphere, known as the corona,which is 300 times hotter than its surface.
The car-sized probe is designed to give scientists a better understandingof solar wind and geomagnetic storms that risk wreaking chaos on Earth byknocking out the power grid.
These solar outbursts are poorly understood, but pack the potential to wipeout power to millions of people.
A worst-case scenario could cost up to two trillion dollars in the firstyear alone and take a decade to fully recover from, experts have warned.
“The Parker Solar Probe will help us do a much better job of predictingwhen a disturbance in the solar wind could hit Earth,” said Justin Kasper,a project scientist and professor at the University of Michigan.
Knowing more about the solar wind and space storms will also help protectfuture deep space explorers as they journey toward the Moon or Mars.
* Heat shield*
The probe is guarded by an ultra-powerful heat shield that is just 4.5inches (11.43 centimeters) thick, enabling the spacecraft to survive itsclose shave with the fiery star.
Even in a region where temperatures can reach more than a million degreesFahrenheit, the sunlight is expected to heat the shield to just around2,500 degrees Fahrenheit (1,371 degrees Celsius).
If all works as planned, the inside of the spacecraft should stay at just85 degrees Fahrenheit.
The goal for the Parker Solar Probe is to make 24 passes through the coronaduring its seven-year mission.
“The sun is full of mysteries,” said Nicky Fox, project scientist at theJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab.
“We are ready. We have the perfect payload. We know the questions we wantto answer.”
*91-year-old namesake*
The spacecraft is the only NASA probe in history to be named after a livingperson — in this case, 91-year-old solar physicist Eugene Parker, who firstdescribed the solar wind in 1958.
Parker said last week that he was “impressed” by the Parker Solar Probe,calling it “a very complex machine.”
NASA chief of the science mission directorate, Thomas Zurbuchen, said thatParker is an “incredible hero of our scientific community,” and called theprobe one of NASA most “strategically important” missions.
Scientists have wanted to build a spacecraft like this for more than 60years, but only in recent years did the heat shield technology advanceenough to be capable of protecting sensitive instruments.
Tools on board will measure high-energy particles associated with flaresand coronal mass ejections, as well as the changing magnetic field aroundthe Sun.
A white light imager will take images of the atmosphere right in front ofthe Sun.
When it nears the Sun, the probe will travel rapidly enough to go from NewYork to Tokyo in one minute — some 430,000 miles per hour, making it thefastest human-made object. – APP/AFP